Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that form in or around a woman’s uterus. This condition is quite common, especially in women aged 25-45. Some women experience symptoms like heavy menstrual bleeding and pelvic pain, while others have no symptoms at all.
Want to understand more about uterine fibroids and how to manage them? Learn more about the causes, types, symptoms, and treatments.
What are Uterine Fibroids?
Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas, are non-cancerous growths composed of muscle and fibrous tissue that form in or around the uterus. Fibroids often grow significantly at various sizes and numbers.
A study by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) reveals that fibroids are estimated to affect 40-80% of women by the age of 50, underscoring their prevalence.
Types of Uterine Fibroids
Uterine fibroids come in different types based on their location. Here are the main types of uterine fibroids.
Subserosal Fibroids
This condition develops on the outer surface of the uterus. Fibroids can grow large, making one side of the uterus appear bigger. They may press against nearby organs, causing discomfort in the pelvis, back, or bladder.
While they typically don’t affect menstrual flow, their size and position can lead to noticeable symptoms.
Pedunculated Fibroids
They grow on a stalk or stem attached to the outer surface of the uterus. If the stalk twists, these fibroids can cause sharp pain.
Their mushroom-like structure often makes them more noticeable and sometimes more problematic than other fibroids.
Intramural Fibroids
They are the most common type and grow within the muscular wall of the uterus. They can enlarge the uterus, causing heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and pressure.
Submucosal Fibroids
Submucosal fibroids develop just beneath the inner uterine lining. It also can protrude into the uterine cavity. Though less common, they can cause severe symptoms like heavy menstrual bleeding and fertility issues.
Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids
The symptoms of uterine fibroids can vary, though some women may not experience any at all. Symptoms largely depend on the location, size, and number of fibroids present.
Here’s the list of common symptoms of fibroids to look out for:
- Heavy menstrual bleeding
- Long period duration
- Bleeding between periods
- Pelvic pain and pressure
- Frequent urination
- Difficulty emptying bladder
- Constipation
- Backache or leg pain
- Pain during intercourse
- Enlarged abdomen
- Long-term chronic vaginal discharge
Early recognition of a symptom of fibroids can help in seeking timely medical advice and appropriate treatment. However, these symptoms usually disappear after menopause.
What Causes Uterine Fibroids?
The exact, proven cause of uterine fibroids remains unclear until now, but several factors are believed to contribute to their development:
- Hormones: Hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle, like progesterone and estrogen, can promote fibroid growth.
- Genetics: A family history of fibroids increases your likelihood of developing them.
- Growth Factors: Substances like insulin-like growth factors, which help maintain body tissues, may influence fibroid growth.
- Environmental Factors: Lifestyle and diet might also impact fibroid development.
Understanding these factors can help manage and prevent fibroids.
How are Uterine Fibroids Diagnosed?
Diagnosing uterine fibroids involves several vital steps to identify and assess their presence accurately:
- Physical Exam and Medical History Check: Your doctor will discuss your symptoms and medical history, followed by a pelvic exam to assess for any irregularities.
- Ultrasound: This imaging test utilises sound waves to create images of the uterus, helping to detect fibroids.
- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): An MRI provides detailed images of the uterus, showing the fibroids’ size and location.
- Hysterosonography: Also popular as a saline infusion sonogram, this exam involves injecting saline into the uterus to enhance ultrasound images.
- Hysteroscopy: A thin, light scope is inserted through the vagina into the uterus to examine the uterine walls for fibroids.
These diagnostic methods ensure a thorough evaluation, aiding in selecting appropriate treatment options.
How are Uterine Fibroids Treated?
The treatment for uterine fibroids ranges from medications to various surgical procedures, each offering unique benefits.
Fibroid Surgery (Myomectomy)
Fibroid surgery includes myomectomy. It involves removing fibroids while keeping the uterus intact, making it suitable for women who wish to preserve fertility. This surgery can be performed in three ways:
- Hysteroscopy
Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure using a thin, lighted tube-like tool inserted through the vagina and cervix to remove fibroids from the uterine cavity.
It is ideal for smaller fibroids and offers a shorter recovery time than other surgical methods.
- Laparoscopy
It utilises small incisions in the abdomen to insert a camera and surgical instruments for fibroid removal. This minimally invasive method results in faster recovery and less postoperative pain.
- Laparotomy
Laparotomy is a more invasive surgery requiring a larger abdominal incision to remove fibroids. It is typically used for very large or multiple fibroids, providing the surgeon with a clear view of the uterus.
Other Methods
- Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA)
It uses energy to shrink fibroids through a minimally invasive procedure guided by imaging technology. RFA effectively reduces symptoms and offers a quick recovery, improving the quality of life for many women.
- Hysterectomy
This involves the removal of the uterus. It is a definitive treatment for fibroids, eliminating them entirely but ending the ability to conceive. It is usually recommended when other treatments are ineffective or unsuitable.
- Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE)
This minimally invasive method blocks the blood supply to fibroids, causing them to shrink. Performed by an interventional radiologist, UFE effectively reduces symptoms without major surgery.
Medications
- Over-the-counter (OTC) Pain Medications
Medications like ibuprofen and acetaminophen can aid in managing fibroid-related discomfort. These medications are often the first treatment for women experiencing mild to moderate pain.
- Birth Control
Pills, patches, intrauterine devices (IUDs), and other birth control methods can regulate menstrual cycles and reduce heavy bleeding caused by fibroids. These methods manage symptoms but do not shrink the fibroids.
- Iron Supplements
These are recommended for those experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding to prevent or treat anaemia, a typical result of excessive blood loss.
- Oral Therapies
Oral therapies, such as tranexamic acid and anti-inflammatory drugs, can help reduce heavy menstrual bleeding and manage symptoms.
- Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH) Agonists
GnRH agonists shrink fibroids by inducing a temporary menopausal state, reducing estrogen and progesterone levels. These medications provide symptom relief and are typically used short-term before surgery.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do my fibroids need to be removed?
Fibroids need removal only if they cause significant symptoms like heavy bleeding, severe pain, or fertility issues. Consult your doctor to decide the best course of action based on your condition.
Is a fibroid belly hard or soft?
A fibroid belly usually feels hard due to fibroids’ firm nature. The overall feel can vary depending on the size and number of fibroids, especially when many are present.
What colour is fibroids discharge?
Fibroid-related discharge is often brownish or blood-tinged, caused by bleeding from the fibroids.
Conclusion
Uterine fibroids are common and treatable with various options. The right treatment, whether medication or surgery, depends on individual symptoms and needs.
Dealing with uterine fibroids? Don’t worry, you’re not alone. At Wells Road Medical Clinic, we understand that every person is unique, and so are their symptoms.
Whether you’re considering medication or surgery, our team of experts is here to provide personalised guidance to help you manage your fibroids and prioritise your well-being. Ready to take the next step? Contact us to schedule a women’s health consultation today!
